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The Crafoord Prize () is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord following a donation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is awarded jointly by the Academy and the Crafoord Foundation in Lund, with the former selecting the laureates. The Prize is awarded in four categories: mathematics and astronomy, Geology, Biology (with an emphasis on ecology) and polyarthritis, the final one because Holger suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis in his later years.
The disciplines for which the Crafoord Prize is awarded are chosen so as to complement the . Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics, then geosciences, then biosciences. Since 2012, the prizes in astronomy and mathematics are separate and awarded at the same time; prior to this, the disciplines alternated every cycle. A Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis is only awarded when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made. The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced every year in mid-January and the prize is presented in April or May on "Crafoord Days", by a member of the Monarchy of Sweden. , the prize money is 6,000,000 Swedish kronor (US$560,000), roughly half that of the Nobel Prizes.
The Prize is usually awarded to one recipient, but there can be as many as three. The inaugural laureates, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were awarded the prize in 1982 for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. Since then, the winners of the Prize have predominantly been men. The first woman to be awarded the Prize was astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.
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| Louis Nirenberg | |||
| Henry Stommel | |||
| — | Gerald J. Wasserburg | ||
| — | Howard T. Odum | ||
| Alexander Grothendieck | |||
| E. O. Wilson | “for the theory of island biogeography and other research on species diversity and community dynamics on islands and in other habitats with differing degrees of isolation” | ||
| Seymour Benzer | “for his pioneering genetical and neurophysiological studies on behavioural mutants in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster” | ||
| Shing-Tung Yau | “for his development of non-linear techniques in differential geometry leading the solution of several outstanding problems” | ||
| — | Nicholas Shackleton | ||
| — | Edwin Ernest Salpeter | ||
| Adam Dziewonski | |||
| John Maynard Smith | |||
| — | George Christopher Williams | ||
| Ravinder N. Maini | |||
| — | Timothy A. Springer | ||
| James Peebles | |||
| Martin Rees | |||
| Mathematics | Maxim Kontsevich | “for their important contributions to mathematics inspired by modern theoretical physics” | |
| Edward Witten | |||
| Tadamitsu Kishimoto | |||
| Toshio Hirano | |||
| Andrea M. Ghez | |||
| Mathematics | Jean Bourgain | "for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science" | |
| Terence Tao | |||
| Lars Klareskog | |||
| Robert J. Winchester | |||
| Tomoko Ohta | |||
| Roger Blandford | |||
| Mathematics | Yakov Eliashberg | "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena" | |
| Fred Ramsdell | |||
| Alexander Rudensky | |||
| Susan Solomon | |||
| Mathematics | Enrico Bombieri | "for outstanding and influential contributions in all the major areas of mathematics, particularly number theory, analysis and algebraic geometry" | |
| Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard | |||
| Conny Aerts | |||
| Mathematics | Claire Voisin | "for outstanding contributions to complex and algebraic geometry, including Hodge theory, algebraic cycles, and hyperkähler geometry" | |
| — | David Nemazee |
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